DFD

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Actifity & Usecase Diagram

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Laporan Hasil Wawancara

Laporan Hasil Wawancara

Hari/Tanggal       : 20 Oktober 2012

Waktu                 : 13.15 p.m

Tempat               : Bengkel Sampoerna Motor

Narasumber        : Rabijan, Pemilik Bengkel Sampoerna Motor

Pewawancara     : Nurahman Arby

                           : Ade Septiawan

Topik                  : Pengembangan Sistem Komputerisasi Penjualan

Hasil Wawancara

    Setelah kami melakukan wawancara kepada Bpk Rabijan selaku pimpinan dari Bengkel Sampoerna Motor (Narasumber), kami telah mendapatkan hasil bahwa Sistem penjualan pada bengkel tersebut masih menggunakan sistem manual (tulis menulis). Proses dalam penjualannya adalah konsumen datang, kemudian kayawan mengambilkan barang yang akan dibeli, setelah barang yang diinginkan konsumen sesuai, karyawan membuatkan nota pembayaran dan diserahkan kepada konsumen lalu si konsumen memberikan uang.

Kendala-kendala pada sistem penjualan tersebut :

• Pengecekan atau pengelolaan stok barang masih manual

• Human Error

• Tidak ada pendataan hasil penjualan barang

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MAIN COMPONENTS OF MOTORCYCLE ENGINE

                                              The main components on the bike

The main components on the bike are:

1. Cylinder head (cylinder head)
2. Engine cylinder block (cylinder block)
3. Space crank the engine (crankcase)

Thus, the three main parts are the backbone of for two-wheeled motor vehicle.

1. Cylinder head (cylinder head)

Cylinder head resting on the top of the cylinder block. point fulcrum sealed with gaskets (gasket) to guard against compression leak, in addition to the surface of the metal head upper surface of the cylinder and the cylinder block is not damaged. head cylinder usually made of aluminum material mix, in order to hold rust resistance also at high temperatures and light. Usually the outer finned cylinder head construction, to help release heat on air-cooled engines.

2. Engine cylinder block (cylinder block)

 

Cylinder liner and cylinder block are the two parts are attached to one another. Power a motor is usually expressed by the size of a cylinder of a motor. Cylinder liner is firmly on the block, and the material is not the same. Cylinder liner is made from materials that are resistant to friction and heat, while the block is made of heat resistant cast iron. At first, there is a design into a single, a rarity now. Now that means that the cylinder liner is made separately can be replaced if the wear is excessive. The material is made ​​of gray cast iron. For a lighter motors such as the bicycle motors of this material is mixed with aluminum. Materials selected for the block fulfill the terms of use, namely: Resistant to temperature high, can conduct heat well, and resistant to friction.
      Cylinder block is where the moving piston. place piston is right in the middle of the cylinder block. Piston cylinder liner is coated with materials in order to avoid rapid wear due to friction. Although it has received adequate lubrication but still did not wear a cylindrical hole can be avoided. Thus in the long term wear and tear must have happened. Cylinder bore wear and tear could have occurred by so it can be uneven taper. Each of these damages must be known to determine the repair steps.

3. Space crank the engine (crankcase)

Crankcase (like a crank) are usually made ​​of aluminum die casting alloy with less. crank chamber functions as the home of the components in its interior, which is a component:

1.Generator or alternator for generating electrical power motorcycle power
2.oil pump
3.clutch
4.Crankshaft and bearings
5.Transmission gear or gear
6.As a lubricating oil reservoir

crank chamber located below the cylinder and is usually the part that is linked to the motorcycle frame.

 How to measure the wear of the cylinder:

 

1. Remove the cylinder block 
2. Remove the piston
3. Measure the cylinder bore diameter with a "dial indicator" which measured the top, middle and bottom of the cylinder bore. Measurements were performed twice in the cross position. 
4. Calculate the magnitude oval and taper. Compare with the provisions of the manual service.If the amount of taper exceeds the allowable limits to be made over cylinder bore size. Stages over size is 0.25 mm, 0.50 mm, 0.75 mm and 1.00 mm. Over the first size should be 0.25 mm by 0.25 mm below the wear and tear and so on. If the cylinder is not possible in size over the coating solution is to replace the cylinder.

 

source: http://5-tweetysquare.blogspot.com/2011/06/komponen-utama-mesin-sepeda-motor.html

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IGNITION SYSTEM ON MOTORCYCLE

 IGNITION SYSTEM ON MOTORCYCLE

     Ignition system (ignition system) is one of the existing system in a motor vehicle. This system serves to change the 12 Volt DC electrical current received from the battery into high voltage (10 KV or more) to produce a stronger spark jumps the spark plug gap.

Ignition system is used especially gasoline. This is because the motor gasoline, the air-fuel mixture is compressed in the combustion chamber can not be burned if there is no spark. Thus the gasoline motor ignition system is required in order to generate a spark plug through plug.however on diesel-fueled vehicles, it does not use ignition system because the compressed air to produce heat, so that at the end of the compression of the fuel is injected, it immediately can be burned by the heat generated by the compressed air.

ignition system components are generally as follows: battery, ignition, coils, platinum, condenser, distributor, spark plugs.
Function of the individual components of a conventional ignition are:

1. battery serves as a source of low voltage current
2. Serves as a key contact breaker and the current from the battery connector to the ignition coil 
3. Coil serves as a generator of high voltage current of about 15000-20000 volts
4. Platinum serves as a circuit breaker and a liaison primary current of the coil to the negative mass 
5. Condenser serves as an absorber of a spark jumps the gap platinum, and serves to strengthen the primary winding magnetization on platinum after closing. 
6. Distributor serves as a regulator of the flow of high voltage to each spark plug in accordance with the ignition sequence (Firing Order) 
7. Spark plug serves to generate a spark in the combustion chamber. 

 

the nature of the ignition system

the ignition of fuel combustion are classified into two types:
a. ignition own
   • As a result of compression at high pressures, temperatures reaching 700 º C to 900 º C.
   • Fuels that included burning by itself.
   • The use of the diesel motor.

b. Electrical ignition system with spark ignition
   • At the end of the compression stroke the mixture, the fuel and air burned with an electric spark jumps.
   • The use of gasoline motors.

 

Ignition system on a motorcycle

 
Ignition system on a motorcycle there are two kinds: 

 a. Battery ignition system

 b. Magnetic ignition system

     Description

 a. Battery ignition system Ignition is battery ignition system that uses a battery as current source.

1. Basic working principle12V battery voltage is transformed into a high voltage 5kV - 25kV, then flows to the spark plug in turn is regulated by the rotor in order of ignition (firing order)
2. Properties:

 • The good ignition at low rpm.

 • When the ignition is determined by engine speed and engine load.

 • When the ignition can be set using the contact breaker mechanically or electronically.

b. Magnetic ignition system Ignition is battery ignition system that uses a generator as current source.

1. Basic working principle Ignition magnet is a combination of generator and ignition system.
2. The properties

 • The source voltage of the generator, so that the motor can live without a battery. 

 • The good ignition at high speed.

 • Round start must be greater than 200rpm.

 • Often used in such a small motor bike.
3. Basic transformation of the voltage (the principle of magnetic induction)
a. The magnetic field If the magnetic field moving near the coil, then:

 • There is a change of magnetic fields.

 • Occur electricity voltage (induced voltage).
b. Transformer If the primary connection transformer is connected to an alternating current is:

 • There is a change in electrical current. 

 • There is a change of magnetic fields.

 • There was an induction voltage. 

c. Comparison of the voltage Comparison of the voltage proportional to the ratio number winding. 

 • If the amount of twist a little, then the induced voltage is small.

 • If the amount of twist a lot, then the induced voltage is large.
d. Transformation with direct current Transformer will not work with direct current as:

 • Flows remained. 

 • There was no change in the magnetic field.

 • No induction.To fix this, should be a switch on the primary connection. If the switch is opened / closed (on / off), then: 

 • Primary flow falters.

 • There is a changing magnetic field.

 • There was an induction.

4. The properties of self-induction
 • The voltage can exceed the voltage current source, the ignition system voltage ≈ 300 - 400V.

 • Induction of self-interest is the cause of the fire on the contact breaker. 

 • Direction of self-induced voltage is always inhibited the primary current.

Various kinds of ignition systems and how it works:

 1. Battery ignition

The principle of formation of electric sparks (spark) igniter battery:

1. When the stop position on the contact and the circuit breaker or platinum (breaker points) is closed, the electric current will flow from the battery to the coil contained within the primary coil, secondary coil, and the soft iron core, resulting in a magnetic field.

2. When the primary current due to the platinum cut open by rotating movement of the peak (cam) then the magnetic field will disappear and the resulting induced current in the secondary coil capable of generating voltages up to ± 5000 - stepping 25.000V causing electrical sparks (spark) on the spark plugs

3. When there is a spark then on each spark gap will also occur, including platinum, to the mounted condenser to absorb the induced current, so it does not occur on the platinum spark

 

2. Magnetic ignition system

The principle of the formation of an electric spark igniter magnet:

1. When the stop position on the contact and the circuit breaker or platinum (breaker points) is closed, then at anchor along the primary coil or rotating magnet spins, the magnetic field will occur in the coil.2. When the primary current due to the platinum cut open by rotating movement of the peak (cam) then the magnetic field will disappear and the resulting induced current in the secondary coil capable of generating voltages up to ± 5000 - stepping 25.000Volt causing electrical sparks (spark) on the spark plugs.3. When there is a spark then on each spark gap will also occur, including platinum, to the mounted condenser to absorb the induced current, so it does not occur on the platinum spark.
 


3. CDI Ignition (Magneto Capasitet Discharge Ignition)

The working principle of CDI• The voltage generated by the primary coil power delivered by the diode rectifier and stored in a capacitor.• When generating a voltage pulser coil that flows to the transistor through the diode will open the transistor.• Transistor open, then quickly drain current of the capacitor to the primary coil.• The faster the magnetic field is generated and the high voltage generated in the secondary coil.
ProfitEfficiency ignition / ignition power is greater in comparison with the contact breaker
LossOnly suitable for small motors cylinder volume due to the nature of the dumping capacitor quickly.
a. Ignition CDI - DC
How it works• The current from the battery into trasformer then cut-off by swich circuit to increase the voltage of the battery.• The high voltage of the transformer in unidirectional by the diode, then enter the SCR so that the SCR to be active (on), and also stored in the capacitor.• The current of the capacitor also flows into the primary coil and then to the masses so that the resulting magnetic field at the core of the coil.• When the pick-up through the pulser, pulser voltage issue and into the Ignition Timing Control Circuit to determine the ignition time by sending pulses (current) to the SCR.• Then the SCR gate open so that the mass dumping.• There is a change in the magnetic field induction coil that generates a high voltage in the secondary coil which generates an electric spark jumps the spark plugs.
b. Ignition CDI - AC
How it works• magnet rotates so that the exciter coil (spoil) issued a current AC 100-400 V.• Flow AC converted to DC by the diode current and stored in the capacitor and the primary coil, to the masses so that the resulting magnetic field at the core of the coil.• DC current of the diode also went into the SCR, so that the SCR becomes active.• Then generate a voltage pulser and into the ignition trigger that determines when to send a pulse (current) to the SCR.• SCR Gate is open so that the capacitor dump its cargo into the mass.• There is a change in the magnetic field induction coil that generates a high voltage in the secondary coil which generates an electric spark jumps the spark plug

source: http://sukiyasa.blogspot.com/2008/04/sistem-pengapian.html

            http://korekmesin.wordpress.com/2010/12/21/sistem-pengapian-pada-sepeda-motor/

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